ＣＵ〔…の/…という〕程度, 度合い〔of/that節〕
a high degree of sophistication
高度の教養
vary ［differ］ in degree
程度において異なる
That’s simply a matter ［question］ of degree.
それは単に程度の問題だ
She learned English to the degree that she was fluent.
彼女は流暢（ちょう）に話せる程度まで英語を身につけた.
People will choose the party that offers some degree of social change.
人々はある程度の社会的変革を提示する政党を選ぶだろう
To what degree can you understand his speech?
どの程度まで彼の演説が理解できますか
1SVOO〈人・動物の身体の一部〉を（手のひらで）軽くたたく, なでる； SVO1 on O2 O1〈人・動物〉のO2〈身体の一部〉を軽くたたく, なでる 《◆愛情をこめたしぐさ； cf. slap》
She patted his cheek affectionately. ＝She patted him on the ［×his］ cheek affectionately.
彼女は彼のほおを優しくなでた 《◆⑴ 前者はhis cheekに, 後者はhimに焦点がある. ⑵ She patted him on ×his cheek … については→the冠3》.
He patted the dog affectionately as he spoke.
彼は犬に話しかけながら愛情を込めて軽くたたいた
You can pat yourselves on the back for a job well done.
仕事がうまく行ったなら自画自賛するのもいいでしょう
Geniusを使っているとこのような感じで例文の中で意味があるので、
「意味が辞書にない・・・」と絶望した人もいるかと思います。
ただ見出し語に似たようなのがあったので、類推できた人もいるかもしれません。
a pát on the báck
｟略式｠（激励のため）背中を軽くたたくこと； 〔…に対しての〕ほめ言葉, 激励〔for〕
He got a pat on the back for doing his job very well.
彼は仕事を非常にうまくこなしたのでほめられた.
自分自身で自分の背中を叩く→自画自賛というのが発想ができたかどうか。
ここがわからないとさっぱり意味がわからないとなったでしょう。
別の辞書を見てみましょう。
pat yourselves on the backの意味が見出しで載っているのは、コンパスローズのみです。
＊このような口語表現はコンパスローズは強いですね！
間違え方のパターンとしては、
言われていることがよくわからずとりあえず、
1.9 – 1.7をしてしまって、0.2を選んでしまった人
althoughの譲歩節はわかったが、
fall by という差を表すbyの使い方がわからず1.8を選んだ人がいました。 →これにするにはfall toにならないとダメです。
差のbyについては念のため、例文を挟んでおきます。
差のbyの例文
miss the train by five minutes
5分の差で列車に乗り遅れる
The number of the committee members should be cut by half.
その委員会の委員の数は半分に減らすべきである
He is older than Jane by two years.
彼はジェーンより2歳だけ年上だ 《◆特に差異を強調した言い方. 次の言い方の方がふつう； He is two years older than Jane.》.
We lost the game by two points.
私たちは2点差で試合に負けました
I am younger than him by about 15 or more years.
私は彼よりだいたい15歳かそれ以上若い
英文法の大家である安藤貞雄先生の前置詞本によると、
at, by, for, from , in, of, on, to, withの基本前置詞で全ての前置詞中で
92.6%の文章が成り立っているとのことです。
これは私の実感ともあっています。
なので、人間科学部のために勉強をするというよりかは、
英語の学力全般を上げるため！と思って勉強するのが良いでしょう。
Interviewer’s remarks
(A)”Good evening, and thank you for joining us today. Can you start by telling us your name and what position you play in the league?”
(B)”Fantastic, Michael. You’ve had a pretty impressive career so far, with multiple All-Star selections and even an MVP award. How did you get started in basketball?”
(C)”That’s great to hear. Can you walk us through your typical pre-game routine?”
(D)”That’s a solid routine. Can you tell us about a particularly memorable game in your career?”
(E)”That must have been an incredible feeling. Can you tell us a little bit about your off-court interests and how you balance your personal life with your basketball career?”
(F)”That’s great to hear, Michael. On behalf of basketball fans everywhere, I want to thank you for your time and for all that you bring to the game. Best of luck to you and your team in the future.”
Interviewee’s remarks
(0)”Sure, I’m a big believer in finding balance in life. I have a family that I love spending time with, and I also enjoy traveling, reading, and giving back to my community. It’s important to me to have those other interests and to not let basketball consume me. It keeps me grounded and helps me perform at my best on the court.”
(1)”Of course, I’m a power forward for the New York Knicks.”
(2)”Wow, that’s a tough one. There have been so many. But I think one that stands out was when we faced the Lakers in the finals. The whole stadium was electric and the pressure was on, but I had one of my best games and we came out on top. It was a defining moment for me and my team.”
(3)”Definitely. I like to arrive at the arena about three hours before tip-off to get in a good warm-up and some shooting practice. I also like to listen to music and get mentally prepared for the game. And of course, I always take some time to talk to my teammates and go over our game plan.”
(4)”Well, I’ve been playing since I was a kid. I grew up in a family of athletes and it was always just a part of my life. But I think it was my high school coach who really saw something in me and pushed me to take it to the next level.”
Interviewer’s remarks
(A),Good morning, Dr. Mitchell. Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today.
(B),Thank you, James. To start, could you tell me about your background and how you became interested in the field of art?
(C),That’s incredible. Can you tell me more about your area of expertise in the field of art?
(D),That’s really fascinating. What do you think sets modern art apart from other art forms?
(E),That’s a great point. Can you tell me about a specific artist or work of art that you find particularly inspiring?
(F),That’s amazing. What advice would you give to young artists who are just starting out?
(G),Those are wise words. Is there anything else you would like to add about your experiences in the field of art?
(H),Thank you so much for your time, James. It was truly a privilege to meet with you today.
Interviewee’s remarks
(0),One of my favorite artists is Pablo Picasso. He was a master of many different styles and techniques, and his work was groundbreaking in many ways. One of his most famous works, “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon,” is a prime example of his innovative approach to art. The painting is considered a turning point in the history of modern art, and it paved the way for many of the art movements that followed.
(1),Good morning, Rachel. It’s my pleasure to be here. Please, call me James.
(2),I would encourage them to never stop exploring and experimenting. Art is all about pushing boundaries and expressing oneself, and the most successful artists are the ones who are always seeking new ways to do so. I would also encourage them to be patient and persistent, as success in the art world often takes time and hard work.
(3),The pleasure was all mine, Rachel. Good luck with your work!
(4),Of course. I’ve always had a passion for art, ever since I was a child. I grew up visiting museums and galleries with my family, and I was always drawn to the beauty and creativity in the works of art. I went on to study art history in college and then pursued a PhD in the field. I’ve been teaching art for over 20 years now, and I still feel just as inspired by it as I did when I was a child.
(5),Just that I feel incredibly lucky to have had the opportunity to pursue my passion for art and to share my knowledge with others. I’m constantly inspired by the creativity and passion of my students, and I’m grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the art world.
(6),One of the key aspects of modern art is its emphasis on individuality and self-expression. Artists of the modern era were breaking away from traditional norms and conventions, and they were experimenting with new techniques, materials, and ideas. They were pushing the boundaries of what was considered acceptable in the art world, and their work reflected the changing attitudes and values of society.
(7),My specialty is modern art. I’ve spent years studying and researching the art movements of the 20th century, and I’ve developed a deep understanding of the cultural and historical context of the works produced during that time. I also enjoy exploring the themes and styles that were prevalent in that era.
b）SVO to do〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉に…するのを許す； 〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉に…させる
My parents allowed me to go to the concert.
両親は私がそのコンサートに行くことを許してくれた
You are not allowed to speak during the exam.
試験中に話すことは許されません
Allow me to introduce myself.
自己紹介をさせていただきます
《◆Let me introduce myself. よりかたい表現》
He allowed himself to fall asleep, even though he knew that he should be awake.
彼は起きていないといけないことはわかっていたが, 眠ってしまった.
ですが、よく見てもらうとわかるのですが、
この年の問題の主語は、辞書の例文に見られるような人ではありません。
ですので、この文章で「許す」という訳出はNGです。
ジーニアスをもう少し下をみてみると、
下記のような訳出があるのがわかります。
SVO〈人・物が〉Oを可能にする（permit）； SVO to do〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉が…するのを可能にする
This gate allows access to the garden.
この門から庭に入れる
His honesty does not allow him to tell a lie.
彼は正直なのでうそをつけない.
［限定］現在の, 今の
the present writer ［author］
筆者 《◆論文などで I の代用》
a present address
現住所（cf. a permanent address）
the present members
現会員の人たち（→2）
at the present time ［moment］
現時点で.
What is your present address?
あなたの現住所はどこですか
the present situation
現状
叙述用法はこうなります。
〔…に〕出席している, 列席している, 居合わせる〔at〕（⇔absent）
the members present
今出席している人たち 《◆the members that are present の that are が省略されたものと考えられる； the present members は「現会員の人たち」（→1）》
be present 「at the wedding ［on that occasion］
結婚式に参加して［その場に居合わせて］いる
Present.（↘）
［点呼の返事で］はい 《◆Here. ともいう》.
How many people were present at the meeting yesterday?
昨日の会合には何人が出席しましたか
Those who were present at the party were very glad to hear the news.
パーティーに居合わせた人たちは知らせを聞いてとても喜んだ
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice ‘without pictures or conversation?’
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderlandの始まりの部分になるのですが、
正確に読めましたか???
とはいえ、正確に読むというのがそもそもよくわかってない場合があるでしょう。
ここでいう正確に読むというのは、
文章を文法的に解釈することができるかどうか？ということです。
本文章で、つまづきそうな部分をピックアップしてみましょう。
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and (1) of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading(2), but(3) it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice ‘without pictures or conversation?’
(1),andは何々を結んでいますか？
(2),once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading
この文章において動詞が2つ(had peeped, was reading)あるように見えますが、なぜ２つ動詞があるのか説明ができますか？
(3),butは何と何を結んでいますか？
Florida, the “Land of Flowers,” the enchanted ground wherein it has been said Ponce de Leon sought for the “fountain of perpetual youth,” is not far away; the fountain, quite likely, is as remote as ever, but the land which it was said to bless with its ever flowing and rejuvenating waters, can be reached after a journey of a few days from New York, by steamship if the traveler is not unpleasantly affected by a sea-voyage, or, if the apprehension of “rough weather off Hatteras” should make a different route preferable, then by rail to Charleston, thence by steamer over waters generally smooth to Fernandina, stopping on the way at Savannah just long enough to look about and obtain a general idea of the place.
『RAMBLES IN FLORIDA, PART 1』American Naturalist: Rambles in Florida by R.E.C. Stearns
The Economistは、時事問題、国際ビジネス、政治、テクノロジー、文化に焦点を当ていてう国際週刊紙です。イギリス・ロンドンを拠点。2019年の世界平均印刷部数はデジタルと合わせると160万部超にのぼります。
同紙は、オリジナルな報道よりもデータジャーナリズムと分析に顕著な重点を置いており、批判と称賛の両方を得ています。
