b）SVO to do〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉に…するのを許す； 〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉に…させる
My parents allowed me to go to the concert.
両親は私がそのコンサートに行くことを許してくれた
You are not allowed to speak during the exam.
試験中に話すことは許されません
Allow me to introduce myself.
自己紹介をさせていただきます
《◆Let me introduce myself. よりかたい表現》
He allowed himself to fall asleep, even though he knew that he should be awake.
彼は起きていないといけないことはわかっていたが, 眠ってしまった.
ですが、よく見てもらうとわかるのですが、
この年の問題の主語は、辞書の例文に見られるような人ではありません。
ですので、この文章で「許す」という訳出はNGです。
ジーニアスをもう少し下をみてみると、
下記のような訳出があるのがわかります。
SVO〈人・物が〉Oを可能にする（permit）； SVO to do〈人・物が〉O〈人・物〉が…するのを可能にする
This gate allows access to the garden.
この門から庭に入れる
His honesty does not allow him to tell a lie.
彼は正直なのでうそをつけない.
［限定］現在の, 今の
the present writer ［author］
筆者 《◆論文などで I の代用》
a present address
現住所（cf. a permanent address）
the present members
現会員の人たち（→2）
at the present time ［moment］
現時点で.
What is your present address?
あなたの現住所はどこですか
the present situation
現状
叙述用法はこうなります。
〔…に〕出席している, 列席している, 居合わせる〔at〕（⇔absent）
the members present
今出席している人たち 《◆the members that are present の that are が省略されたものと考えられる； the present members は「現会員の人たち」（→1）》
be present 「at the wedding ［on that occasion］
結婚式に参加して［その場に居合わせて］いる
Present.（↘）
［点呼の返事で］はい 《◆Here. ともいう》.
How many people were present at the meeting yesterday?
昨日の会合には何人が出席しましたか
Those who were present at the party were very glad to hear the news.
パーティーに居合わせた人たちは知らせを聞いてとても喜んだ
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice ‘without pictures or conversation?’
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderlandの始まりの部分になるのですが、
正確に読めましたか???
とはいえ、正確に読むというのがそもそもよくわかってない場合があるでしょう。
ここでいう正確に読むというのは、
文章を文法的に解釈することができるかどうか？ということです。
本文章で、つまづきそうな部分をピックアップしてみましょう。
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and (1) of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading(2), but(3) it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice ‘without pictures or conversation?’
(1),andは何々を結んでいますか？
(2),once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading
この文章において動詞が2つ(had peeped, was reading)あるように見えますが、なぜ２つ動詞があるのか説明ができますか？
(3),butは何と何を結んでいますか？
Florida, the “Land of Flowers,” the enchanted ground wherein it has been said Ponce de Leon sought for the “fountain of perpetual youth,” is not far away; the fountain, quite likely, is as remote as ever, but the land which it was said to bless with its ever flowing and rejuvenating waters, can be reached after a journey of a few days from New York, by steamship if the traveler is not unpleasantly affected by a sea-voyage, or, if the apprehension of “rough weather off Hatteras” should make a different route preferable, then by rail to Charleston, thence by steamer over waters generally smooth to Fernandina, stopping on the way at Savannah just long enough to look about and obtain a general idea of the place.
『RAMBLES IN FLORIDA, PART 1』American Naturalist: Rambles in Florida by R.E.C. Stearns
The Economistは、時事問題、国際ビジネス、政治、テクノロジー、文化に焦点を当ていてう国際週刊紙です。イギリス・ロンドンを拠点。2019年の世界平均印刷部数はデジタルと合わせると160万部超にのぼります。
同紙は、オリジナルな報道よりもデータジャーナリズムと分析に顕著な重点を置いており、批判と称賛の両方を得ています。
Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include a search engine, online advertising technologies, cloud computing, software, and hardware. ( From wikipedia )
こんな感じです。
ですが、googleが動詞の位置できた場合、
なんと動詞として使うことができます。
英語辞書の権威である
オックスフォード辞典にも下記のように記載されています。
google (somebody/something)to type words into the search engine Google™ in order to find information about somebody/something
I just googled her and found her blog.
I tried googling but couldn’t find anything relevant.
gogoleの場合は元となる固有名詞がわかりやすいので、
意味は大体察することができますが、、、
そのほかの単語にもこのように英単語には多義性があります。
早稲田大学において単語を覚える際には、
このような多義性にも気を配る必要があります。
多義性を理解するためにはどうしたら良いのか？
単語ごとの多義性を理解するためにはどのようにしたら良いのか、
一番良いのは、英英辞書を使うことでしょう。
全ての単語について英英辞書を使うのは、
受験学年には時間的にも
また学力が安定してない時はよくないのですが、
記述の模試で偏差値大体65程度になったら、使ってみても良いでしょう。
間違いの多いassume
受験生の中には、assume = 仮定すると思っている人が多いのですが、実際は少し異なります。
assumeは、Cobuildによれば、
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.となります。
まずはこちらをみて考えてみてください。
Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew’s grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale’s beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"] Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew's grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale's beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include a search engine, online advertising technologies, cloud computing, software, and hardware. ( From wikipedia )
こんな感じです。
ですが、googleが動詞の位置できた場合、
なんと動詞として使うことができます。
英語辞書の権威である
オックスフォード辞典にも下記のように記載されています。
google (somebody/something)to type words into the search engine Google™ in order to find information about somebody/something
I just googled her and found her blog.
I tried googling but couldn’t find anything relevant.
gogoleの場合は元となる固有名詞がわかりやすいので、
意味は大体察することができますが、、、
そのほかの単語にもこのように英単語には多義性があります。
慶應大学において単語を覚える際には、
このような多義性にも気を配る必要があります。
多義性を理解するためにはどうしたら良いのか？
単語ごとの多義性を理解するためにはどのようにしたら良いのか、
一番良いのは、英英辞書を使うことでしょう。
全ての単語について英英辞書を使うのは、
受験学年には時間的にも
また学力が安定してない時はよくないのですが、
記述の模試で偏差値大体65程度になったら、使ってみても良いでしょう。
間違いの多いassume
受験生の中には、assume = 仮定すると思っている人が多いのですが、実際は少し異なります。
assumeは、Cobuildによれば、
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.となります。
まずはこちらをみて考えてみてください。
Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew’s grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale’s beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"] Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew's grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale's beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
(1)
A dead triangle of factors is responsible for the killing off of about forty percent of all the honeybee colonies in the US last year. NO ERROR
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"]
▷答え
dead → deadly
▷難易度
☆☆
▷解答に必要な文法事項
【形容詞】
▷解くためのプロセス
形容詞の語法の問題。
知らないと少し難しい問題です。
deadは単に「死んでいる」というような意味合いで使います。
A person, animal, or plant that is dead is no longer living.
『Cobuild Dictionary』
no longer alive
『OXFORD Dictionary』
一方deadlyはまだ死んでいません。
致命的なという訳が良いでしょう。
If something is deadly, it is likely or able to cause someone’s death, or has already caused someone’s death.
『Cobuild Dictionary』
causing or likely to cause death
また限定用法では、強調で使うこともできます。
[only before noun] extreme; complete
I’m in deadly earnest.
We sat in deadly silence.
They are deadly enemies (= are full of hatred for each other).
The missile found its target with deadly accuracy.
『OXFORD Dictionary』
(2)
Rats will enthusiastically work to free a rat caught in a trap—and they are especially eager to be good Samaritans who they’re in the company of other willing helpers. NO ERROR
(3)
The same process that causes dew drops to form on a blade of grass appear to play
an important role in Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases. NO ERROR
(4)
While true that sea otters devour huge quantities of shellfish that people like to eat, any commercial losses to fisheries are far outweighing by economic benefits associated with the otters, according to a new study.
NO ERROR
(5)
Ecologist Suzanne Simard shares how she discovered that trees use underground fungal networks
to communicate and share resources, uproot the idea that nature constantly competes for survival.
NO ERROR
(6)
During an in-person conversation, the brain focuses partly on the words being spoken, but it also
derives meaning from non-verbal cues, such as whether someone is facing you or slightly turned away.
NO ERROR
(7)
One in doubt about taking action, a piece of useful advice is to think first, and to act only if certain that the outcome will be favorable. NO ERROR
(8)
If he could swim, he might have been able to save others from drowning when the canoe capsized near the shore and sink so quickly down to the bottom. NO ERROR
save others from drowning when the canoe capsized near the shore
ここと繋がっているわけで、下記のように文章が完成します。
If he could swim, he might have been able to sink so quickly down to the bottom.
と考えると、、
もし泳げたら、あんなに早く底に沈んでしまったかもしれない。
と訳のわからない訳になってしまいますね。
そのため、答えはsinkをsankに変えて、
when the canoe
の部分とつながると考えて、
when the canoe sank so quickly down to the bottom.
となるのがわかります。
▷解けるようになるためには？
今回のように接続詞が絡む場合は文構造を意識して、
かつ意味を考えていく必要があるでしょう。
▷出典
オリジナル
[/su_spoiler]
(9)
At the National Museum of Natural History, Julia Clark was shown a mysterious fossil that had been collected years earlier in Antarctica, which it called “The Thing.” NO ERROR
(10)
People may be surprised at how difficult they are finding video calls giving that the medium seems
neatly confined to a small screen and presents few obvious distractions. NO ERROR
