英文法の大家である安藤貞雄先生の前置詞本によると、
at, by, for, from , in, of, on, to, withの基本前置詞で全ての前置詞中で
92.6%の文章が成り立っているとのことです。
これは私の実感ともあっています。
なので、人間科学部のために勉強をするというよりかは、
英語の学力全般を上げるため！と思って勉強するのが良いでしょう。
Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include a search engine, online advertising technologies, cloud computing, software, and hardware. ( From wikipedia )
こんな感じです。
ですが、googleが動詞の位置できた場合、
なんと動詞として使うことができます。
英語辞書の権威である
オックスフォード辞典にも下記のように記載されています。
google (somebody/something)to type words into the search engine Google™ in order to find information about somebody/something
I just googled her and found her blog.
I tried googling but couldn’t find anything relevant.
gogoleの場合は元となる固有名詞がわかりやすいので、
意味は大体察することができますが、、、
そのほかの単語にもこのように英単語には多義性があります。
早稲田大学において単語を覚える際には、
このような多義性にも気を配る必要があります。
多義性を理解するためにはどうしたら良いのか？
単語ごとの多義性を理解するためにはどのようにしたら良いのか、
一番良いのは、英英辞書を使うことでしょう。
全ての単語について英英辞書を使うのは、
受験学年には時間的にも
また学力が安定してない時はよくないのですが、
記述の模試で偏差値大体65程度になったら、使ってみても良いでしょう。
間違いの多いassume
受験生の中には、assume = 仮定すると思っている人が多いのですが、実際は少し異なります。
assumeは、Cobuildによれば、
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.となります。
まずはこちらをみて考えてみてください。
Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew’s grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale’s beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"] Young Boyd did not cut down oak-trees for a livelihood, though he just now worked as if fortune had mapped a no less arduous career for him. He was the only son of a wealthy landholder of the vicinity, a man of English descent and English thrift. Andrew's grandfather came north into Scotland from Shrewsbury, in a sort of angry freak after a local quarrel. He bought and developed a valuable farm near Loch Arkaig, and then suddenly died upon it, leaving the newly acquired estate to Gilbert Boyd, the father of young Andrew. All of which had happened some forty years before this tale's beginning.
※AndrewとBoydは同一人物
(1)
A dead triangle of factors is responsible for the killing off of about forty percent of all the honeybee colonies in the US last year. NO ERROR
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"]
▷答え
dead → deadly
▷難易度
☆☆
▷解答に必要な文法事項
【形容詞】
▷解くためのプロセス
形容詞の語法の問題。
知らないと少し難しい問題です。
deadは単に「死んでいる」というような意味合いで使います。
A person, animal, or plant that is dead is no longer living.
『Cobuild Dictionary』
no longer alive
『OXFORD Dictionary』
一方deadlyはまだ死んでいません。
致命的なという訳が良いでしょう。
If something is deadly, it is likely or able to cause someone’s death, or has already caused someone’s death.
『Cobuild Dictionary』
causing or likely to cause death
また限定用法では、強調で使うこともできます。
[only before noun] extreme; complete
I’m in deadly earnest.
We sat in deadly silence.
They are deadly enemies (= are full of hatred for each other).
The missile found its target with deadly accuracy.
『OXFORD Dictionary』
(2)
Rats will enthusiastically work to free a rat caught in a trap—and they are especially eager to be good Samaritans who they’re in the company of other willing helpers. NO ERROR
(3)
The same process that causes dew drops to form on a blade of grass appear to play
an important role in Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases. NO ERROR
(4)
While true that sea otters devour huge quantities of shellfish that people like to eat, any commercial losses to fisheries are far outweighing by economic benefits associated with the otters, according to a new study.
NO ERROR
(5)
Ecologist Suzanne Simard shares how she discovered that trees use underground fungal networks
to communicate and share resources, uproot the idea that nature constantly competes for survival.
NO ERROR
(6)
During an in-person conversation, the brain focuses partly on the words being spoken, but it also
derives meaning from non-verbal cues, such as whether someone is facing you or slightly turned away.
NO ERROR
(7)
One in doubt about taking action, a piece of useful advice is to think first, and to act only if certain that the outcome will be favorable. NO ERROR
(8)
If he could swim, he might have been able to save others from drowning when the canoe capsized near the shore and sink so quickly down to the bottom. NO ERROR
save others from drowning when the canoe capsized near the shore
ここと繋がっているわけで、下記のように文章が完成します。
If he could swim, he might have been able to sink so quickly down to the bottom.
と考えると、、
もし泳げたら、あんなに早く底に沈んでしまったかもしれない。
と訳のわからない訳になってしまいますね。
そのため、答えはsinkをsankに変えて、
when the canoe
の部分とつながると考えて、
when the canoe sank so quickly down to the bottom.
となるのがわかります。
▷解けるようになるためには？
今回のように接続詞が絡む場合は文構造を意識して、
かつ意味を考えていく必要があるでしょう。
▷出典
オリジナル
[/su_spoiler]
(9)
At the National Museum of Natural History, Julia Clark was shown a mysterious fossil that had been collected years earlier in Antarctica, which it called “The Thing.” NO ERROR
(10)
People may be surprised at how difficult they are finding video calls giving that the medium seems
neatly confined to a small screen and presents few obvious distractions. NO ERROR
(1)
When it comes to nutrition labelling, most of the world’s major economies make it mandatory.
But for some it is voluntary when a health claim is made. NO ERROR
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"]
▷答え
until → when
(2)
According to the no-boundary proposal, asking what came before the Big Bang is meaningless —like asking what is south of the South Pole—because there is no notion of time available to refer to.
NO ERROR
▷出典
“Asking what came before the Big Bang is meaningless, according to the no-boundary proposal, because there is no notion of time available to refer to,” quoted and edited from a lecture at the Pontifical Academy in 2016: Stephen Hawking
[/su_spoiler]
(3)
Any discussion of the relationship between language and society, or of the various functions of language in society, should begin by some attempt to define each of these terms. NO ERROR
(4)
The warming of the Arctic, and the development of ice-strengthened tankers is able to cleave their way through floes up to two metres thick, now make it possible to ship gas and other materials year-round. NO ERROR
(5)
The nearly 12 million individuals classified themselves as of Asian or Pacific Islander heritage in the 2000 U.S. Census represent one of the fastest growing groups in the United States. NO ERROR
(1)The Olympic games are convened every four years
(2)there are events which cause the games to be postponed, or even cancelled.
4年毎に行うこと(1)と
延期されたり、キャンセルされること(2)を考えると、
soの因果ではなく、対立の関係となっているのでbutとなる。
▷解けるようになるためには？
接続詞が選択肢に含まれているときは、
文法的に間違っているところを見ているだけではなく、
要素の関係性を考えて処理する必要があります。
▷出典
オリジナル
[/su_spoiler]
(7)
They were not able to make the project 100% emission free as they had some challenges, particularly with a propane burner that could not be rebuilt or replaced with a better alternative. NO ERROR
[su_spoiler title="クリックして答えを表示" icon="plus-square-2"]
▷答え
NO ERROR
（原因・理由)…のために，…のせいで
With such experience, he is sure to win.
あれだけ経験があるから，彼はきっと勝つ
She blushed with embarrassment.
彼女は恥ずかしさに顔を赤らめた
blue with cold
寒さで顔が青くなって
be hospitalized with appendicitis
虫垂炎で入院する
（O-Lex英和辞典）
(8)
When in due course the Europeans penetrated the African interior, armed with their agreed-upon map, they discovered that many of the borders drawn in Berlin do little justice to the geographic, economic and ethnic reality of Africa. NO ERROR
(9)
Like our in-person physical body language, digital body language concerning the subtle cues that signal things like our mood or engagement, and change the meaning of the words we say. NO ERROR
(10)
Classical music requires that the audience use their imaginations because the melody often does not repeat itself the way it does in popular music. NO ERROR
Someone who has humility is not proud and does not believe they are better than other people
『Cobuild 』
He said that the election results were a lesson in humility for the party.
大問2
1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. e 7. c 8. b・d
大問3
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. a・d
大問4
1. c 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b・f
大問5
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. d 7. e 8. b・e
早稲田社学の2023年に向けてどうすればよいか
早稲田大学社会科学部の2023年に向けて、
序文でも述べた通りに、現代の社会に対しての
背景知識がないと読むことが難しい問題が多いです。
単に英語を読んで、満足するのではなく、
普段から、英字新聞を読んでその裏にあるのはなんなのか？を調べて読んでいくと、
更なるレベルアップにつながるのでないのかと思います。
ここが差がつく早稲田社学英語の読み方
2022年の入試を使って、少し長文の読み方を見ていきましょう。
Technological change is upending finance.Bitcoin has gone from being an obsession of anarchists to a $1trn asset class that many fund managers insist belongs in any balanced portfolio. Swarms of digital day-traders have become a force on Wall Street. PayPal has 392m users, a sign that America is catching up with China’s digital-payments giants.
