-I insisted that he is innocent. (私は、彼が無罪であると主張した)
-He insists on freedom to express his opinions. (彼は発言の自由を主張する)
Claim
自分の意見を確固たる根拠なしに述べること
-She claimed that the manager had lied to her. (彼女は,その経営者が彼女に嘘をついたと主張した)
-He claimed that his answer was correct.(彼は、その答えは正しかったと主張した)
State
Insistのような強い主張の仕方とは違って,単に強く主張することなく何かを述べることです。
-He states that he knew nothing about the accident. (彼は、その事件について何も知らないと述べた)
-They stated their views. (彼らは、自分たちの意見をのべた)
Mention
これは言及するという意味を持ちますが、使い方には注意が必要です。
Mention には言及するという意味の中に簡潔に、手短に述べるという意味が含まれており、詳細を語るときにはmentionは使いません。また、insistのような強い主張とはまた違った表現になります.
-Tom mentioned the incedent to Mary. (トムはその出来事をメアリーに話した)
-I think that you mentioned that last week.(君その話、先週話してたと思うんだけど)
①In july one of Taiwan’s top newspapers, United Daily News, published a story based on supposedly leaked minutes from a secret government meeting. ②America had asked Taiwan to manufacture biological weapons at a lab run by the island’s defence ministry, the report claimed. ③Taiwanese and American officials quickly denied it. ④The allegedly leaked minutes, it transpired, were not written in the usual style of Taiwanese government records. ⑤They were filled with official-sounding phrases used in mainland China, but not Taiwan. ⑥This was likely Chinese disinformation, Taiwanese officials said. ⑦Yet the story spread to Taiwanese talk shows and influencers. ⑧Within weeks it had evolved into a wilder claim: ⑧Taiwan was going to collect 150,000 samples of Taiwanese blood and hand them over to the Americans, so that they could develop a virus to kill Chinese people. 出典:”China is flooding Taiwan with disinformation”From The Economist
SESSION 1&2 How to Look at Everything (David Finn) SESSION 3&4 How the Brain Creates Our Mental World (Chris Frith) SESSION 5&6 A Super Tunnel (Massimo Piatelli-Palmarini) SESSION 7&8 The Pendulum Clock of Christiaan Huygens (Lisa Jardine) SESSION 9&10 The Secret Garden (John D. Barrow) SESSION 11&12 Heroic Contrasts:The Extraordinary versus the Banal (Philip G. Zimbardo) SESSION 13&14 Evolved for Cancer? (Carl Zimmer) SESSION 15&16 Easeful Death (Mary Warnock and Elizabeth MacDonald) SESSION 17&18 Great Inventions (John Brockman) SESSION 19&20 Politics, Scandal and Propaganda of Ancient Olympic Games (Judith Swaddilng) SESSION 21&22 Miss Pinkerton’s Apocalypse (Muriel Spark)
東京大学教養英語読本Ⅱ
Session 1 & 2 The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found ( Mary Beard) Session 3 & 4 The Great Plains (Ian Frazier) Session 5 & 6 Adam’s Navel (Stephen J. Gould) Session 7 & 8 Turing Machine: Computing the Unthinkable (Nicholas Fearn) Session 9 & 10 Doctor Dolittle’s Delusion: Animals and the Uniqueness of Human Language (Stephen R. Anderson) Session 11 & 12 The Dynamics of Primate Societies (Nicholas Wade) Session 13 & 14 The Naming of Names (Richard Fortey) Session 15 & 16 A Musician’s Alphabet (Susan Tomes) Session 17 & 18 Voice of the Century: Celebrating Marian Anderson (Alex Ross) Session 19 & 20 From Foods to Nutrients (Michael Pollan) Session 21 & 22 Indian Takeover (Melvyn Bragg)
▶a course for students wishing to improve their English ▶The doctors say she is improving (=after being ill). ▶You could use the money for improving your home. ▶Many wines improve with age(=get better as they get older).
1 to help something to develop or increase ▶a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UKFertilizer
▶promotes leaf growth.
2to give someone a better more responsible job in a company ▶A significant number of drivers fail to keep to speed limits. ▶A significant part of Japan’s wealth is invested in the West.
to grow or change into something bigger, stronger, or more advanced, or to make someone or something do this
▶Knowledge in the field of genetics has been developing very rapidly. ▶Corsica has developed its economy around the tourist industry.
to design or make a new idea, product, system etc over a period of time
▶Scientists are developing new drugs to treat arthritis. ▶She should have developed her own style instead of copying him. ▶Researchers are developing technology for the US military.
an important event, decision, problem etc has a big effect or influence on people’s lives or on events in the future ▶a very important meeting ▶The accident taught him an important lesson. ▶Happiness is more important than money.
▶‘What did you say?’ ‘Oh, nothing important.’
people who are important have a lot of power or influence ▶a very important customer ▶They carry guns because it makes them feel important.
1having an important effect or influence, especially on what will happen in the future His most significant political achievement was the abolition of the death penalty. Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.
2large enough to be noticeable or have noticeable effects A significant number of drivers fail to keep to speed limits. A significant part of Japan’s wealth is invested in the West.
1a serious situation, problem, accident etc is extremely bad or dangerous ▶the serious problem of unemploymentLuckily, the damage was not serious. ▶Serious crimes have increased dramatically. ▶serious accident on the freeway ▶Oil spills pose a serious threat to marine life. ▶The president was in serious trouble.
2, important and needing a lot of thought or attention ▶This is a very serious matter.the serious business of earning a living ▶Be quiet, Jim. This is serious.
something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.
The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity. The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece. The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.
よく利用するコロケーションをあげます。(ロングマン英英辞典からの抜粋)
The cost of the project is the crucial factor.
The study of consumer behaviour is a crucial issue in marketing.
1extremely important and necessary ▶A good diet is essential for everyone. ▶it is essential (that)It is essential that our pilots be given the best possible training. ▶it is essential to do somethingIt is essential to book in advance. ▶Window locks are fairly cheap and absolutely essential.Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool.
2, the essential part, quality, or feature of something is the most basic one ▶The essential difference between Sam and me was the fact that I took life seriously. ▶The essential point of relay racing is that it is a team effort.
extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist ▶The work she does is absolutely vital.vital toThese measures are vital to national security. ▶Regular exercise is vital for your health. ▶It is vital that you keep accurate records. ▶It is vital to keep accurate records. ▶It is vital to be honest with your children. ▶The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy. ▶Richardson played a vital role in the team’s success. ▶The samples could give scientists vital information about long-term changes in the Earth’s atmosphere.
something that is necessary is what you need to have or need to do ▶The booklet provides all the necessary information about the college.
▶No further changes were considered necessary.
▶The police are advising motorists to travel only if their journey is absolutely necessary.
▶It’s not necessary to wear a tie.The doctor says it may be necessary for me to have an operation.
1, to know the meaning of what someone is telling you, or the language that they speak ▶She doesn’t understand English. ▶I’m sorry, I don’t understand.
▶Can you explain that again? ▶The woman had a strong accent, and I couldn’t understand what she was saying.
2, to know or realize how a fact, process, situation etc works, especially through learning or experience ▶I don’t really understand the political situation in Egypt. ▶You don’t need to understand how computers work to be able to use them. ▶How the drug works isn’t fully understood.
1, to have information about somethingWho knows the answer? ▶There are instructions telling you everything you need to know. ▶Didn’t you know that?
2, to be sure about something ▶‘Are you seeing Jim tomorrow?’
▶‘I don’t know yet.’ ▶I know I won’t get the job. ▶Ruth knew that she couldn’t continue in the relationship for much longer.
1, to know and understand something, or suddenly begin to understand it realize (that)I suddenly realized that the boy was crying. ▶Do you realize you’re an hour late?
2, to achieve something that you were hoping to achieve ▶She never realized her ambition of winning an Olympic gold medal. ▶a young singer who has not yet realized her full potential
1to know who someone is or what something is, because you have seen, heard, experienced, or learned about them in the past ▶I didn’t recognize you in your uniform. ▶It was malaria, but Dr Lee hadn’t recognized the symptoms.
2, to officially accept that an organization, government, document etc has legal or official authority ▶British medical qualifications are recognized in Canada. ▶The World Health Organization has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1951.
1, to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someone’s feelings are ▶appreciate the significance/importance/value of something H▶e did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.
2, used to thank someone in a polite way or to say that you are grateful for something they have done
▶Thanks ever so much for your help, I really appreciate it. ▶I appreciate your concern, but honestly, I’m fine.
▶I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.